Dreben E K, Fryer J H, McNair D M
MetroHealth Medical Center, Dept. of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1995 Apr;80(2):447-65. doi: 10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.447.
Schizophrenic patients (n = 20), depressive patients (n = 20), and normal adults (n = 20) were compared on global vs local analyses of perceptual information using tachistoscopic tasks and on top-down vs bottom-up conceptual processing using card-sort tasks. The schizophrenic group performed more poorly on tasks requiring either global analyses (counting lines when distracting circles were present) or top-down conceptual processing (rule learning) than they did on tasks requiring local analyses (counting heterogeneous lines) or bottom-up processing (attribute identification). The schizophrenic group appeared not to use conceptually guided processing. Normal adults showed the reverse pattern. The depressive group performed similarly to the schizophrenic group on perceptual tasks but closer to the normal group on conceptual tasks, thereby appearing to be less dependent on a particular information-processing strategy. These deficits in organizational strategy may be related to the use of available processing resources as well as the allocation of attention.
使用速示任务对20名精神分裂症患者、20名抑郁症患者和20名正常成年人进行了知觉信息的整体与局部分析比较，并使用卡片分类任务对自上而下与自下而上的概念加工进行了比较。与需要局部分析（计数异质线条）或自下而上加工（属性识别）的任务相比，精神分裂症组在需要整体分析（当存在干扰圆时计数线条）或自上而下概念加工（规则学习）的任务上表现更差。精神分裂症组似乎未使用概念引导加工。正常成年人表现出相反的模式。抑郁症组在知觉任务上的表现与精神分裂症组相似，但在概念任务上更接近正常组，因此似乎对特定信息加工策略的依赖性较小。这些组织策略上的缺陷可能与可用加工资源的使用以及注意力的分配有关。
