Scheurich Armin, Fellgiebel Andreas, Müller Mattias J, Poustka Fritz, Bölte Sven
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin, Universität Mainz, Mainz.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother. 2010 Mar;38(2):103-10. doi: 10.1024/1422-4917.a000017.
The cognitive phenotype of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is characterized among other things by local processing (weak central coherence). It was examined whether a test that measures identification of fragmented pictures (FBT) is able to seize this preference for local processing.
The FBT performance of 15 patients with ASD, 16 with depression, 16 with schizophrenia and of 16 control subjects was compared. In addition, two tests well known to be sensitive to local processing were assessed, namely the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) and the Block Design Test (BDT).
ASD patients demonstrated a preference for local processing. Difficulties in global processing, or more specifically in gestalt perception (FBT), were accompanied by good performance on the EFT and BDT as expected. Controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence (ANCOVA) reduced differences to trends. However, the calculation of difference scores (i.e., subtraction of FBT from EFT performance) resulted in significant differences between ASD and control groups even after controlling for of age and intelligence.
The FBT is a suitable exploratory test of local visual processing in ASD. In particular, a difference criterion can be generated (FBT vs. EFT) that discriminates between ASD and clinical as well as healthy control groups.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的认知表型除其他特征外，还具有局部加工（弱中央连贯性）的特点。本研究旨在探讨一项测量碎片化图片识别能力的测试（FBT）是否能够捕捉到这种对局部加工的偏好。
比较了15例ASD患者、16例抑郁症患者、16例精神分裂症患者以及16名对照受试者的FBT表现。此外，还评估了另外两项众所周知对局部加工敏感的测试，即嵌入式图形测试（EFT）和积木设计测试（BDT）。
ASD患者表现出对局部加工的偏好。正如预期的那样，在全局加工方面存在困难，更具体地说是在格式塔感知方面（FBT），但在EFT和BDT上表现良好。通过年龄和非言语智力进行协方差分析（ANCOVA）后，差异缩小至趋势水平。然而，即使在控制了年龄和智力因素后，计算差异分数（即EFT表现减去FBT表现）仍显示ASD组与对照组之间存在显著差异。
FBT是一种适用于探索ASD局部视觉加工的测试。特别是，可以生成一个区分ASD组与临床组以及健康对照组的差异标准（FBT与EFT）。
