Champion V L
Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1995 Jun;22(5):819-24.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine group differences in breast self-examination (BSE) frequency, proficiency, and nodule detection as a result of belief and/or informational interventions.
Prospective, randomized, experimental design using a control group and three intervention groups. Data on outcome measures were collected one year following intervention to determine intervention effect on BSE outcome measures.
Women without breast cancer ranging in age from 35-88 years.
Graduate research assistants conducted in-home interviews and completed intervention delivery and data collection using a standardized protocol for each experimental group. Interventions included counseling about beliefs regarding BSE and informational counseling with BSE demonstration. A second in-home interview was conducted one year after the intervention to determine its effect on BSE outcome measures.
Self-recorded frequency, observer-rated proficiency scores, and nodule detection scores.
The group receiving both the belief and information interventions had significantly higher frequency (t = 2.22, p < or = 0.05) and higher proficiency scores (t = 3.22, p < or = 0.01) for BSE than the control group. The control group had significantly lower rates than the belief/information group for observed proficiency of BSE (t = 7.72, p < or = 0.01) and for nodule detection (t = 8.91, p < or = 0.01).
The intervention consisting of information, BSE demonstration, and follow-up demonstration significantly increased logged frequency, logged proficiency, observed proficiency, and nodule detection one year postintervention. The group receiving both the belief intervention and information intervention demonstrated the highest nodule detection.
BSE teaching should include assessment and discussion about belief toward breast cancer and BSE while providing instruction with return demonstration.
目的/目标：确定因信念和/或信息干预导致的乳房自我检查（BSE）频率、熟练程度和结节检测方面的组间差异。
采用对照组和三个干预组的前瞻性、随机、实验性设计。在干预一年后收集结局指标数据，以确定干预对BSE结局指标的影响。
年龄在35 - 88岁之间的无乳腺癌女性。
研究生研究助理进行入户访谈，并使用针对每个实验组的标准化方案完成干预实施和数据收集。干预措施包括关于BSE信念的咨询以及BSE示范的信息咨询。干预一年后进行第二次入户访谈，以确定其对BSE结局指标的影响。
自我记录的频率、观察者评定的熟练程度得分和结节检测得分。
接受信念和信息干预的组在BSE方面的频率显著更高（t = 2.22，p≤0.05），熟练程度得分也更高（t = 3.22，p≤0.01），高于对照组。对照组在BSE观察到的熟练程度（t = 7.72，p≤0.01）和结节检测方面（t = 8.91，p≤0.01）的发生率显著低于信念/信息组。
由信息、BSE示范和后续示范组成的干预在干预一年后显著提高了记录的频率、记录的熟练程度、观察到的熟练程度和结节检测率。接受信念干预和信息干预的组结节检测率最高。
BSE教学应包括对乳腺癌信念和BSE的评估与讨论，同时提供指导并进行回示。
