Weido A J, Sim T C
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA.
Postgrad Med. 1995 Sep;98(3):173-4, 179-82, 184.
Awareness of latex sensitization is increasing in both the medical and the general community. Nonimmunologic irritant contact dermatitis, often found on the hands of healthcare workers who wear latex gloves, is the most common feature of sensitivity. The exact latex antigen(s) to blame have not been clearly delineated, but risk factors have been established that can be used to identify persons susceptible to a hypersensitivity reaction. The severity of a reaction depends on the route of exposure; mucosal and visceral exposure poses the greatest risk of reaction. Thus, patients requiring multiple operations and procedures, such as those with spina bifida or congenital urinary tract anomalies, are at high risk. Persons in high-risk groups should be referred for appropriate evaluation and testing, advised to avoid exposure to latex-derived products, and told to carry self-injectable epinephrine.
在医学界和普通大众中，对乳胶致敏的认识都在不断提高。非免疫性刺激性接触性皮炎是最常见的过敏特征，常在佩戴乳胶手套的医护人员手上出现。目前尚未明确确定具体是哪种乳胶抗原导致过敏，但已确定了一些风险因素，可用于识别易发生过敏反应的人群。反应的严重程度取决于接触途径；黏膜和内脏接触引发反应的风险最大。因此，需要进行多次手术和操作的患者，如患有脊柱裂或先天性泌尿系统异常的患者，风险很高。高危人群应接受适当的评估和检测，建议避免接触乳胶衍生产品，并告知其携带可自行注射的肾上腺素。
