Kato M, Okada K
Department of Urology, Saitama Medical School.
Hinyokika Kiyo. 1993 Mar;39(3):221-3.
While it is widely recognized that elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) correlates with the presence of prostate cancer, little data exist on the use of PSA as the initial test in the mass screening for prostate diseases. Thus, digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate as well as measurements of serum PSA were performed in a series of 647 men 55 years old or older who participated in the mass screening. We found 7 patients with prostatic cancer (1.1%) and 53 with benign prostatic hypertrophy faced with the necessity of the therapy (8.2%). The PSA values of 6 cancer patients exceeded 3.6 ng/ml and that of one cancer patient was 2.6 ng/ml. While 587 subjects were judged to be without clinical evidence of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy, 564 of them has PSA values under 2.6 ng/ml. The proportion of those who were free from prostatic diseases and had a PSA value of 2.6 ng/ml or more was only 3.4% of all participants. Since the proportion of the subjects falsely screened at a relatively lower cut-off point of PSA was quite low, the measurement of serum PSA is suggested to be useful as the initial test in the mass screening for prostatic diseases.
虽然人们普遍认识到前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）升高与前列腺癌的存在相关，但关于将PSA用作前列腺疾病大规模筛查的初始检测方法的数据却很少。因此，对647名55岁及以上参与大规模筛查的男性进行了直肠指检、前列腺经直肠超声检查以及血清PSA测量。我们发现7例前列腺癌患者（1.1%）和53例需要治疗的良性前列腺增生患者（8.2%）。6例癌症患者的PSA值超过3.6 ng/ml，1例癌症患者的PSA值为2.6 ng/ml。虽然587名受试者被判定无前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生的临床证据，但其中564人的PSA值低于2.6 ng/ml。无前列腺疾病且PSA值为2.6 ng/ml或更高的受试者比例仅占所有参与者的3.4%。由于在相对较低的PSA临界值下进行假筛查的受试者比例相当低，因此建议血清PSA测量作为前列腺疾病大规模筛查的初始检测方法是有用的。
