The role of divalent magnesium in activating the reaction catalyzed by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase.

Orotate phosphoribosyltranferase (OPRTase) catalyzes the formation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate from the nitrogenous base orotate and alpha-D-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). While it is known that Mg2+ is necessary for catalysis, the mechanism of activation of the phosphoribosyl transfer by Mg2+ remains unclear. The divalent cation may activate the phosphoribosyl transfer by binding to either or both substrates PRPP and orotate or/and the enzyme. In this work we chose to explore the role of divalent magnesium in activating the phosphoribosyl transfer in bacterial OPRTase. Studies on the effect of Mg2+ on the OPRTase-catalyzed reaction indicated that the divalent metal was necessary for catalysis. A maximal rate of 70 units/mg was achieved at 2 mM MgCl2. Mn2+ could replace Mg2+ as the divalent metal. Orotate methyl ester (OAME) and uracil, neither of which form chelates with divalent metal, were found to be substrates for OPRTase. The KM for OAME and uracil were 190 microM and 2.63 mM and kcat/KM were 0.91 x 10(5) and 6 M-1 s-1, respectively. These values compare with a KM of 27 microM for orotate, 44 microM for PRPP, and a kcat/KM of 1.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 for orotate. Spectroscopic studies failed to reveal the existence of Mg(2+)-orotate complexes. Thus we have concluded that an orotate-metal complex is not necessary for OPRTase catalysis. Metal-enzyme binding studies indicate that only weak metal-enzyme complexes may form in bacterial OPRTase. Thus the role of divalent metal in bacterial OPRTase must be to bind PRPP.