Ho C L, Hwang L L, Chen C T
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Toxicon. 1993 May;31(5):605-13. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(93)90115-y.
The lethal protein of the hornet (Vespa basalis) venom is a phospholipase A1 toxin (mol. wt approximately 32,000) with a potent hemolytic activity. Subplantar injection of the toxin caused a dose-dependent swelling in the rat hind paw. Its potency was higher than those of phospholipases A2 and cardiotoxin from cobra venoms. Hind-paw edema induced by the toxin was inhibited by antiserotonin drugs (cyproheptadine and methysergide), indomethacin and betamethasone. Antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) showed a relatively weak inhibition. Intradermal injection of the toxin into back skin of the rat also induced local edema which was inhibited by chlorpheniramine and methysergide. Rats pretreated with multiple doses of compound 48/80 showed a moderate decrease in the histamine and serotonin content of rat skin, and a slight decrease in paw edema induced by the toxin, while a single dose of reserpine markedly diminished the toxin-induced edema in association with depletion of serotonin in rat skin. The edema-inhibitory action of amine-depleting agents appeared to correlate with their potencies to deplete serotonin in the skin. It is suggested that serotonin, prostaglandin E2, and to a lesser extent of histamine are involved in producing the local effect of the toxin. However, serotonin released by the toxin appears to be the major factor mediating the toxin-induced edema in the rat.
黄蜂（金环胡蜂）毒液中的致死蛋白是一种磷脂酶A1毒素（分子量约为32,000），具有强大的溶血活性。足底注射该毒素会导致大鼠后爪出现剂量依赖性肿胀。其效力高于眼镜蛇毒液中的磷脂酶A2和心脏毒素。抗血清素药物（赛庚啶和甲基麦角新碱）、吲哚美辛和倍他米松可抑制该毒素诱导的后爪水肿。抗组胺药（氯苯那敏）的抑制作用相对较弱。将毒素皮内注射到大鼠背部皮肤也会引起局部水肿，氯苯那敏和甲基麦角新碱可抑制这种水肿。用多剂量化合物48/80预处理的大鼠，其皮肤中的组胺和血清素含量适度降低，毒素诱导的爪水肿略有减轻，而单剂量利血平与大鼠皮肤中血清素的耗竭相关，可显著减轻毒素诱导的水肿。胺耗竭剂的水肿抑制作用似乎与其耗尽皮肤中血清素的效力相关。提示血清素、前列腺素E2以及程度较轻的组胺参与了该毒素的局部效应产生。然而，该毒素释放的血清素似乎是介导大鼠毒素诱导水肿的主要因素。
