Reconstitution of glutamate receptor proteins purified from Xenopus central nervous system into artificial bilayers.

Excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor (EAAR) proteins purified from Xenopus central nervous system using a domoate affinity column and then separated into fractions using sucrose density gradient centrifugation were reconstituted, first into liposomes and then into planar lipid bilayers, using pipette-dipping and black lipid membrane techniques. Although the protein was eluted from the column with either alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) or kainate and could not be eluted with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), channel openings were obtained after exposure of the bilayers to kainate, AMPA, or NMDA (usually only in the presence of glycine). In bilayers exhibiting a single open channel conductance level this was approximately 6 pS with AMPA, approximately 9 pS with kainate, and approximately 50 pS with NMDA. However, with a few batches of protein unitary channel openings of up to 400 pS were observed, suggesting that reconstituted EAAR may sometimes form functional aggregates. The protein eluted from the domoate column was divided into two fractions on a sucrose density gradient. After reconstitution, one fraction responded to all three EAAs, whereas the other responded only to the non-NMDA receptor agonists. An explanation for these results is that some of the EAAR eluted from the column contain NMDA receptor subunits in addition to non-NMDA receptor subunits.