Sidney S, Tekawa I S, Friedman G D, Sadler M C, Tashkin D P
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, Calif.
Arch Intern Med. 1995 Apr 10;155(7):727-32.
Menthol combustion produces carcinogenic compounds such as benzo[a]pyrenes. Mentholated cigarettes are much more commonly smoked by black individuals than by white individuals. The incidence of lung cancer is much higher (60%) in black men than in white men, but it differs little by race in women. We examined the association of mentholated cigarette use with lung cancer in men and women because mentholated cigarette use could help to explain the higher incidence rate of lung cancer in black men than in white men.
The study population consisted of 11,761 members of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland (5771 men and 3990 women), aged 30 to 89 years, who underwent a multiphasic health checkup in 1979 through 1985 and reported that they were current cigarette smokers who had smoked for at least 20 years. Data were collected about current cigarette brand, duration of mentholated cigarette use, and other smoking characteristics. Follow-up for incident lung cancer cases (n = 318) was carried out through 1991.
The relative risk of lung cancer associated with mentholation compared with nonmentholated cigarettes was 1.45 in men (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.02) and it was 0.75 in women (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 1.11), adjusted for age, race, education, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and duration of smoking. Further adjustment for tar content and self-reported smoking intensity characteristics did not substantially alter the estimate of relative risk. A graded increase in risk of lung cancer with increasing duration of mentholated cigarette use was present in men.
This study suggests that there is an increased risk of lung cancer associated with mentholated cigarette use in male smokers but not in female smokers.
薄荷醇燃烧会产生致癌化合物，如苯并[a]芘。黑人比白人更常吸食薄荷醇香烟。黑人男性肺癌发病率比白人男性高得多（60%），但女性肺癌发病率在种族间差异不大。我们研究了薄荷醇香烟使用与男性和女性肺癌的关联，因为薄荷醇香烟的使用可能有助于解释黑人男性肺癌发病率高于白人男性的原因。
研究人群包括北加利福尼亚凯撒永久医疗保健计划奥克兰分部的11761名成员（5771名男性和3990名女性），年龄在30至89岁之间，他们在1979年至1985年期间接受了多阶段健康检查，并报告自己是目前的吸烟者，且吸烟至少20年。收集了有关当前香烟品牌、薄荷醇香烟使用时长及其他吸烟特征的数据。对318例肺癌发病病例进行随访至1991年。
与非薄荷醇香烟相比，薄荷醇香烟导致肺癌的相对风险在男性中为1.45（95%置信区间为1.03至2.02），在女性中为0.75（95%置信区间为0.51至1.11），对年龄、种族、教育程度、每日吸烟量及吸烟时长进行了调整。进一步对焦油含量和自我报告的吸烟强度特征进行调整后，相对风险估计值没有实质性变化。男性中，随着薄荷醇香烟使用时长增加，肺癌风险呈分级增加。
本研究表明，男性吸烟者使用薄荷醇香烟会增加患肺癌风险，而女性吸烟者则不然。
