Arendt T, Brückner M K, Bigl V, Marcova L
Department of Neurochemistry, Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany.
J Comp Neurol. 1995 Jan 9;351(2):223-46. doi: 10.1002/cne.903510204.
The distribution of the reticular neuronal type in the human brain and its involvement in both degeneration and dendritic reorganisation under the conditions of ageing, Korsakoff's disease (KD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) was comparatively investigated after Golgi impregnation. Reticular neurones are distributed throughout different areas along the brain axis. The cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei, i.e., the basal nucleus of Meynert, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the medial septal nucleus form the most rostral part of this network of "open nuclei," which is collectively referred to as the "reticular core." Reticular neurones of the following areas were quantitatively investigated by a computer-based three-dimensional analysis: caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, medial septal nucleus, nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band, basal nucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus, reticular thalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, and raphe magnus nucleus. There are three major findings. First, neurones that were found to be susceptible to degeneration in AD were largely part of the same neuronal populations prone to degeneration during ageing, in KD and PD. Thus, areas could be classified according to their overall degree of vulnerability under the present degenerative conditions as being highly vulnerable (basal forebrain nuclei, caudate nucleus, locus coeruleus), moderately vulnerable (medial amygdaloid nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, substantia nigra, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus), or marginally vulnerable (globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, reticular thalamic nucleus). Second, neuronal populations that are particularly vulnerable to degenerative changes show a high degree of structural plasticity. Third, the degree of this dendritic plasticity is inversely related to the complexity of dendritic arborisation of the neurone. It is concluded that the sparsely ramified reticular type of neurone forms a pool of pluripotent neurones that have retained their plastic capacity throughout life, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of perturbations.
在高尔基染色后，对人脑网状神经元类型的分布及其在衰老、柯萨科夫病（KD）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和帕金森病（PD）条件下的变性和树突重组中的作用进行了比较研究。网状神经元沿脑轴分布于不同区域。胆碱能基底前脑核，即迈内特基底核、斜角带核和内侧隔核，构成了这个“开放核”网络最靠前的部分，该网络统称为“网状核心”。通过基于计算机的三维分析，对以下区域的网状神经元进行了定量研究：尾状核、苍白球、内侧隔核、斜角带垂直支核、基底核、杏仁内侧核、丘脑网状核、下丘脑外侧区、底丘脑核、黑质、蓝斑、脚桥被盖核和中缝大核。有三个主要发现。首先，在AD中易发生变性的神经元在很大程度上是在衰老、KD和PD期间易发生变性的相同神经元群体的一部分。因此，根据在当前变性条件下的总体易损程度，区域可分为高度易损（基底前脑核、尾状核、蓝斑）、中度易损（杏仁内侧核、中缝大核、下丘脑外侧区、黑质、脚桥被盖核）或轻度易损（苍白球、底丘脑核、丘脑网状核）。其次，特别易发生退行性变化的神经元群体表现出高度的结构可塑性。第三，这种树突可塑性的程度与神经元树突分支的复杂性呈负相关。结论是，稀疏分支的网状神经元类型形成了一组多能神经元池，这些神经元在整个生命过程中都保留了其可塑性，这使得它们容易受到各种干扰。
