Asarnow R F, Asarnow J R
Dept. of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles 90024.
Schizophr Bull. 1994;20(4):591-7. doi: 10.1093/schbul/20.4.591.
Descriptions of various psychotic symptoms in children began to appear in the psychiatric literature at about the same time as descriptions of psychotic symptoms in adults. For example, Kraepelin estimated that at least 3.5 percent of his cases of dementia praecox had onsets before age 10. The construct of "childhood schizophrenia" initially emerged from attempts to classify a broad range of psychotic children. By the late 1940s and 1950s, the diagnosis of "childhood schizophrenia" was given to many disturbed children who today would be considered to have infantile autism and other developmental disabilities. In the early 1970s infantile autism and its variants was differentiated from schizophrenia of childhood onset. These changes were incorporated in DSM-III, which returned to the practice before 1930 of diagnosing schizophrenia in children using the same criteria as for adults, with minor allowances for differences in the manifestations of these symptoms during childhood. The studies presented in this issue of Schizophrenia Bulletin use DSM-III, DSM-III-R, or ICD-9 criteria for schizophrenia.
儿童各种精神症状的描述开始出现在精神科文献中的时间，与成人精神症状的描述大致相同。例如，克雷佩林估计，他的早发性痴呆病例中至少有3.5%在10岁之前发病。“儿童精神分裂症”这一概念最初源于对广泛的精神错乱儿童进行分类的尝试。到20世纪40年代末和50年代，许多如今被认为患有婴儿自闭症和其他发育障碍的精神紊乱儿童被诊断为“儿童精神分裂症”。20世纪70年代初，婴儿自闭症及其变体与儿童期起病的精神分裂症区分开来。这些变化被纳入了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM-III），该版本恢复了1930年以前的做法，即使用与成人相同的标准对儿童精神分裂症进行诊断，只是对这些症状在儿童期的表现差异给予了轻微的考虑。本期《精神分裂症通报》发表的研究使用了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版、第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）或国际疾病分类第九版（ICD-9）中精神分裂症的诊断标准。
