Development of the pathway from the reticular and perireticular nuclei to the thalamus in ferrets: a Dil study.

This study examines the connections of the thalamic reticular and perireticular cell groups in developing ferrets. Small crystals of Dil (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) were implanted into either the dorsal thalamus or the cerebral cortex of aldehyde-fixed prenatal and postnatal ferret brains. A small implant of Dil into the presumptive lateral geniculate nucleus during early prenatal development [between embryonic day 23 (E23) and E25] reveals many retrogradely labelled cells in the reticular nucleus. At E40, just before birth, the number of cells retrogradely labelled in the reticular nucleus has become reduced compared to earlier prenatal implants, whether from small or large implants of Dil into the lateral geniculate nucleus. By postnatal day 7, an adult-like pattern of retrograde labelling is seen in the reticular nucleus; at this age, a small implant of Dil limited to the lateral geniculate nucleus retrogradely labels a discrete group of cells located in the caudal regions of the reticular nucleus. In the internal capsule, adjacent to the reticular nucleus, there are two distinct groups of neurons. One group, called the large-celled perireticular zone (LPR), enters the internal capsule very early in development (from E25; Mitrofanis, J., Eur. J. Neurosci., 6, 253-263, 1994) and is not labelled from the lateral geniculate nucleus at any developmental stage. Small implants of Dil into presumptive visual and somatosensory cortices shows that the LPR lies in a distinct region of the primordial internal capsule. Corticothalamic and thalamocortical axons turn sharply in the region of the LPR, whilst corticospinal and corticobulbar axons pass straight through the LPR on towards their more caudal targets. Later, after both sets of axons have reached their targets, the LPR is not seen in the internal capsule. The other group of cells in the internal capsule, called the small-celled perireticular zone (SPR), forms a distinct band of cells lying midway between the reticular nucleus and the globus pallidus. These cells enter the internal capsule much later in development, at about E40. Unlike the cells in the LPR, cells in the SPR are retrogradely labelled after an implant of Dil into the lateral geniculate nucleus, and there are many which remain in the adult (Clemence, A. E. and Mitrofanis, J., J. Comp. Neurol., 322, 167-181, 1992).