Bertone A L
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1994 Dec;10(3):603-25. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30350-4.
Initial management of injuries includes safely gaining control of the animal and assessing and treating systemic shock. If hemorrhage is life threatening, it must be controlled. If the limb is nonfunctional it should be stabilized. Any open orthopedic injury should be treated by cleaning the tissues, protecting the exposed tissues, and administering systemic antibiotics. A commercial splint is available (Equine Regular Leg Saver Splint, Kimzey Welding Works, Woodland, CA) that can immobilize and relieve weightbearing for cases of phalangeal fracture, flexor tendon rupture, fetlock breakdown, and lower joint luxations/subluxations. Hock and carpal luxation and radius fracture in foals can be stabilized by wooden or metal splint incorporation in a bandage. Tibial fractures can be stabilized with a modified Thomas splint. Injuries that expose a joint or infectious arthritis require emergency diagnosis of joint involvement, and subsequent joint lavage, intra-articular antibiotics, and systemic antibiotics. For further treatment of septic arthritis, the cases can be referred to a hospital for joint drainage. The appropriate emergency treatment of these injuries is often the determining factor in whether the injury remains in a condition that can be successfully repaired.
损伤的初始处理包括安全控制动物、评估和治疗全身性休克。如果出血危及生命，必须加以控制。如果肢体失去功能，应予以固定。任何开放性骨科损伤都应通过清洁组织、保护外露组织并给予全身性抗生素进行治疗。有一种商用夹板（马用常规腿部保护夹板，Kimzey焊接厂，加利福尼亚州伍德兰），可用于固定并减轻指骨骨折、屈肌腱断裂、球节损伤以及下关节脱位/半脱位病例的负重。马驹的跗关节和腕关节脱位以及桡骨骨折可用绷带结合木制或金属夹板进行固定。胫骨骨折可用改良的托马斯夹板固定。暴露关节的损伤或感染性关节炎需要紧急诊断关节受累情况，随后进行关节灌洗、关节内使用抗生素以及全身性使用抗生素。对于脓毒性关节炎的进一步治疗，可将病例转诊至医院进行关节引流。这些损伤的适当紧急处理往往是决定损伤能否成功修复的关键因素。
