Ley R
University at Albany, State University of New York 12222.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1994 Dec;25(4):269-73. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90034-5.
In 1993 Klein proposed a "false suffocation alarm" theory of panic attacks, claiming that many spontaneous panic attacks are due to a "suffocation monitor" in the brain erroneously signaling a lack of useful air, and triggering an evolved "suffocation alarm system". He proposed that carbon dioxide acts as a panic stimulus because rising arterial CO2 suggests suffocation may be imminent." The present paper provides a critical analysis of Klein's theory and concludes that there is neither empirical evidence nor compelling argument to support the assumptions or the proposed neurological mechanism of a "suffocation alarm", true or false, or a CO2 "suffocation monitor." Data relevant to the role of breathing in the phenomenon of panic can be parsimoniously subsumed within the domain of dyspnea.
1993年，克莱因提出了恐慌症发作的“假性窒息警报”理论，声称许多自发性恐慌症发作是由于大脑中的“窒息监测器”错误地发出有用空气不足的信号，并触发了一种进化而来的“窒息警报系统”。他提出二氧化碳充当恐慌刺激物，因为动脉血中二氧化碳水平升高表明窒息可能即将发生。本文对克莱因的理论进行了批判性分析，得出的结论是，既没有实证证据，也没有令人信服的论据来支持“窒息警报”（无论真假）或二氧化碳“窒息监测器”的假设或所提出的神经机制。与呼吸在恐慌现象中的作用相关的数据可以简约地归入呼吸困难的范畴。
