Schmidt N B, Telch M J, Jaimez T L
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Aug;105(3):446-54. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.446.
D.F. Klein (1993) proposed that patients with panic disorder (PD) have a hypersensitive suffocation monitor that predisposes them to experience panic attacks under certain conditions. The suffocation alarm theory predicts differential emotional responding to biological challenges that affect arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2). These PD patients should exhibit (a) lower fear and less likelihood of panic in response to biological challenges that lower PCO2 levels (e.g., hyperventilation), and (b) increased fear and greater likelihood of panic in response to biological challenges that raise PCO2 levels (e.g., inhalation of 35% CO2 gas). The following indicators of the suffocation monitor were assessed: (a) severity of dyspnea symptoms, (b) frequency of dyspnea symptoms, (c) heightened respiration rate, and (d) lowered PCO2 levels. Ratings of physiological and subjective responding, as well as panic, were obtained during both a hyperventilation and a 35% CO2 challenge. None of the classification methods predicted differential emotional responding to hyperventilation versus 35% CO2 challenge.
D.F. 克莱因（1993年）提出，惊恐障碍（PD）患者拥有一个高度敏感的窒息监测器，这使他们在某些情况下容易经历惊恐发作。窒息警报理论预测，对影响动脉血二氧化碳分压（PCO2）的生物学挑战会有不同的情绪反应。这些PD患者应该表现出：（a）对降低PCO2水平的生物学挑战（如过度通气）反应时恐惧程度较低且惊恐发作的可能性较小；（b）对升高PCO2水平的生物学挑战（如吸入35%的二氧化碳气体）反应时恐惧增加且惊恐发作的可能性更大。对窒息监测器的以下指标进行了评估：（a）呼吸困难症状的严重程度；（b）呼吸困难症状的频率；（c）呼吸频率加快；（d）PCO2水平降低。在过度通气和35%二氧化碳挑战期间，获取了生理和主观反应以及惊恐的评分。没有一种分类方法能够预测对过度通气与35%二氧化碳挑战的不同情绪反应。
