Olsson I, Bergh G, Ehinger M, Gullberg U
Experimentellt forsknings-centrum, Universitetssjukhuset, Lund.
Lakartidningen. 1995 Apr 5;92(14):1468-70, 1475-6.
Haematopoiesis is regulated by unrelated, pleiotropic, and diverse regulatory molecules, cytokines, whose membrane receptors are related and restricted to a few families manifesting sequence homology. Most members of the cytokine receptor family which lack tyrosine kinase activity are composed of multiple chains. An accessory signal transducer can be shared by members of the receptor family. Cytokine receptor oligomerisation is required for signal transduction, which includes phosphorylation of receptors and cytoplasmic proteins. Upon ligand binding, the receptors for erythropoietin and G-CSF form homodimers, whereas other members of the receptor family form hetero-oligomers in order to generate high-affinity receptor and signal transduction. In their cytoplasmic part, cytokine receptors contain distinct functional domains, proximal and distal to the membrane, that generate separate signals. Cytokines can be used to minimise chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treat chronic neutropenia, and to shorten the period of aplasia following bone marrow transplantation.
造血作用由不相关的、多效性的和多样的调节分子——细胞因子调控，其膜受体相关且局限于少数表现出序列同源性的家族。细胞因子受体家族的大多数成员缺乏酪氨酸激酶活性，由多条链组成。受体家族的成员可以共享一个辅助信号转导器。信号转导需要细胞因子受体寡聚化，这包括受体和细胞质蛋白的磷酸化。配体结合后，促红细胞生成素和粒细胞集落刺激因子的受体形成同二聚体，而受体家族的其他成员形成异源寡聚体以产生高亲和力受体并进行信号转导。在其细胞质部分，细胞因子受体含有膜近端和远端的不同功能域，可产生单独的信号。细胞因子可用于将化疗引起的中性粒细胞减少降至最低并治疗慢性中性粒细胞减少，以及缩短骨髓移植后的再生障碍期。
