Repair of temporosphenoidal encephalocele with a vascularized split calvarial cranioplasty: technical case report.

A 54-year-old woman was referred for the evaluation and treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right anteromedial intrasphenoidal encephalocele with cisternography showing the flow of contrast into the sphenoid encephalocele. Transcranial surgical repair was performed. This included the use of a vascularized split-thickness calvarial graft fixated over the cranial base defect with a titanium microplate. The technical details of this repair are discussed. Ten cases of temporosphenoidal encephaloceles have been reported. The literature concerning this rare form of encephalocele is reviewed.