Van Leeuwen F W, Chouham S, Axelson J F, Swaab D F, Van Eerdenburg F J
Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research.
Neuroscience. 1995 Jan;64(1):261-75. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00384-h.
Recently in the pig hypothalamus a vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus was identified which, like the supraoptic nucleus, becomes sexually dimorphic after puberty. Following the increase in circulating steroids at puberty, the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus becomes twice as large in both males and females. In adulthood, the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus of females is approximately twice as large as that in males. Because these alterations are possibly due to an influence of gonadal steroids, i.e. estrogens, the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus cells were tested for the presence of estrogen receptors. In addition to the area of the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus, the present study documented the distribution of estrogen receptors in the septal area and other parts of the hypothalamus of intact post-pubertal male and female pigs, by utilizing immunocytochemical methodology. Intense nuclear estrogen receptor staining was found in a number of areas, i.e. the medial preoptic area, the oxytocin-containing dorsomedial extension of the supraoptic nucleus, a possible homologue of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, the median preoptic nucleus, the medial and lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the ventromedial hypothalamus and the arcuate nucleus. In the ventral part of the lateral septum, the septohypothalamic nucleus, the nucleus subfornicalis and the stigmoid nucleus estrogen receptor immunoreactivity was less intense. Dorsolaterally of the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus, estrogen receptor positive cells were observed, but the vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing nucleus itself lacked such receptors. In the magnocellular supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus no nuclear estrogen receptor staining was found. However, a weak cytoplasmic staining was present in all cells. There was a clear sex difference in the estrogen receptor-immunoreactive cell number in a possible homologue of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Compared to male pigs, in female pigs the number of cells showing estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in this area, which is known to be sexually dimorphic in various species, was twice as high. In other areas, such as the medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area, the arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, a similar sex difference was found. In addition estrogen receptor immunoreactivity was generally more intense in females. No sex differences were noted in the overall distribution of estrogen receptor cells in the areas studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
最近，在猪的下丘脑发现了一个含有加压素和催产素的核团，它与视上核一样，在青春期后会出现性别二态性。随着青春期循环类固醇水平的升高，该含加压素和催产素的核团在雄性和雌性中都增大了两倍。成年后，雌性的含加压素和催产素的核团大约是雄性的两倍大。由于这些变化可能是由于性腺类固醇（即雌激素）的影响，因此对含加压素和催产素的核团细胞进行了雌激素受体检测。除了含加压素和催产素的核团区域外，本研究还利用免疫细胞化学方法记录了完整的青春期后雄性和雌性猪的隔区及下丘脑其他部位雌激素受体的分布。在许多区域发现了强烈的核雌激素受体染色，即内侧视前区、视上核含催产素的背内侧延伸部分、视前区性别二态核的可能同源物、视前正中核、终纹床核的内侧和外侧部分、腹内侧下丘脑和弓状核。在外侧隔区的腹侧部分、隔下丘脑核、穹窿下核和乙状核，雌激素受体免疫反应性较弱。在含加压素和催产素的核团的背外侧观察到雌激素受体阳性细胞，但含加压素和催产素的核团本身缺乏此类受体。在大细胞视上核和室旁核中未发现核雌激素受体染色。然而，所有细胞中都有微弱的细胞质染色。在视前区性别二态核的可能同源物中，雌激素受体免疫反应性细胞数量存在明显的性别差异。与雄性猪相比，在雌性猪中，该区域显示雌激素受体免疫反应性的细胞数量是雄性猪的两倍，已知该区域在各种物种中都具有性别二态性。在其他区域，如终纹床核的内侧部分、内侧视前区、弓状核和腹内侧下丘脑核，也发现了类似的性别差异。此外，雌性中的雌激素受体免疫反应性通常更强。在所研究的区域中，雌激素受体细胞的总体分布没有发现性别差异。（摘要截选至400字）
