Restum J C, Bush C R, Malinczak R L, Watson G L, Braselton W E, Bursian S J, Aulerich R J
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
Vet Hum Toxicol. 1995 Feb;37(1):4-10.
Thirty-six male mink were fed diets that contained 0, 1, 2 or 4% supplemental salt (sodium chloride) and were given drinking water ad libitum for 7 d. Three mink on each diet were then placed on ad libitum, 50% ad libitum or 25% ad libitum drinking water for the next 14 d. Ad libitum water consumption was directly proportional to the salt content of the diets. Feed consumption was inversely related to the level of dietary salt, although water restriction had a greater effect in reducing feed consumption than did the supplemental salt. The clinical signs of salt toxicity-water restriction observed were increased thirst, mild dehydration, decreased feed consumption, decreased body weight, rough coat, crusty nose and eyes, irritability in the early stage, and lethargy in the later stages. In general, serum and urinary sodium and chloride ion concentrations increased with increasing dietary salt concentrations. Expressed as a percent of brain weight, liver, spleen, kidney and heart weights of mink fed supplemental salt were less than the control weights. Adrenal gland weights increased in response to water restriction. Brain sodium concentrations were not affected by salt supplementation when drinking water was provided ad libitum. However, restricting drinking water generally resulted in increased brain sodium concentrations. Mild to moderate micro- or macrovesicular vacuolar changes were observed in the livers of some mink fed each level of dietary salt, but were especially prominent in the mink restricted in drinking water.
三十六只雄性水貂被喂食含有0%、1%、2%或4%补充盐（氯化钠）的日粮，并随意饮用饮用水7天。然后，每种日粮中的三只水貂在接下来的14天里被给予随意饮水、50%随意饮水或25%随意饮水。随意饮水量与日粮中的盐含量成正比。采食量与日粮盐水平呈负相关，尽管限水比补充盐对减少采食量的影响更大。观察到的盐中毒 - 限水的临床症状包括口渴增加、轻度脱水、采食量减少、体重下降、被毛粗糙、鼻和眼结痂、早期易怒以及后期嗜睡。一般来说，血清和尿液中的钠和氯离子浓度随着日粮盐浓度的增加而升高。以脑重的百分比表示，喂食补充盐的水貂的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和心脏重量低于对照重量。肾上腺重量因限水而增加。当随意提供饮用水时，日粮中补充盐对脑钠浓度没有影响。然而，限制饮水通常会导致脑钠浓度升高。在喂食每种日粮盐水平的一些水貂的肝脏中观察到轻度至中度的微泡或大泡空泡变化，但在限水的水貂中尤为明显。
