Dawson B, Iwamoto C K, Ross L P, Nungester R J, Swanson D B, Volle R L
Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230.
JAMA. 1994 Sep 7;272(9):674-9.
To investigate the performance of men and women from various racial and ethnic backgrounds on the National Board of Medical Examiners Part I examination, controlling for any differences in measures of educational background and academic performance before entering medical school.
A retrospective analysis of existing records from the National Board of Medical Examiners and the Association of American Medical Colleges.
National Board of Medical Examiners.
All students taking the June administration of Part I for the first time in 1986, 1987, or 1988 and who were 2 years from graduation from an accredited medical school.
Multiple regression methods were used to estimate Part I examination group differences in performance that would be expected if all students entered medical school with similar Medical College Admission Test scores, undergraduate grade point averages, and other prematriculation measures.
Performance on the Part I examination.
There were substantial differences in performance, with white students scoring highest, followed by Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and blacks; within all racial and ethnic categories, women scored lower than men. Controlling for dissimilarities in academic background greatly reduced Part I differences among most racial and ethnic groups, except Asian/Pacific Islander men; unexplained differences remained between men and women. Results were consistent for the 3 years examined.
The results of this study do not imply that physician performance varies among racial and ethnic groups or between men and women; no written examination can measure all the abilities that may be desirable to assess. Validity research investigating reasons for the reported gender and racial and ethnic differences in performance on the National Board examinations should be continued.
研究不同种族和族裔背景的男性和女性在美国医学考试委员会第一部考试中的表现，同时控制入学前教育背景和学业成绩衡量指标的差异。
对美国医学考试委员会和美国医学院协会的现有记录进行回顾性分析。
美国医学考试委员会。
所有在1986年、1987年或1988年6月首次参加第一部考试且距离认可医学院毕业还有两年的学生。
采用多元回归方法估计第一部考试成绩的组间差异，前提是假设所有学生入学时医学院入学考试成绩、本科平均绩点及其他入学前衡量指标相似。
第一部考试的成绩。
成绩存在显著差异，白人学生得分最高，其次是亚裔/太平洋岛民、西班牙裔和黑人；在所有种族和族裔类别中，女性得分低于男性。控制学术背景差异后，大多数种族和族裔群体（亚裔/太平洋岛民男性除外）第一部考试的差异大幅减少；男性和女性之间仍存在无法解释的差异。在所研究的三年中结果一致。
本研究结果并不意味着医生表现因种族和族裔群体或男女而异；没有任何书面考试能够衡量所有可能期望评估的能力。应继续开展效度研究，探究美国医学考试委员会考试中报告的性别及种族和族裔成绩差异的原因。
