Cuisance D, Barré N, de Deken R
Département d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire (CIRAD/EMVT), Montpellier, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 1994 Dec;13(4):1305-56.
The use of insecticides is still the basic procedure for controlling most ectoparasites, but various methods are being developed to act in addition to, or in synergy with these products, so as to enhance the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of insecticides, by contributing to ecologically acceptable strategies. These methods are classified as ecological control (modification of the environment of the parasite), biological control (predation, parasitism, action of pathogens, etc.), genetic control (release of sterile males, hybridisation, genetic manipulations) and mechanical control (insect traps, use of repellents). The application of such methods depends on the biological and ecological characteristics of the ectoparasite, and they may act directly or indirectly, affecting mortality and/or reproduction. The authors review the principal methods applicable to major groups of ectoparasites of veterinary interest. Non-chemical methods are the subject of wide-ranging and promising research, particularly in view of recent developments in biotechnology.
使用杀虫剂仍然是控制大多数体外寄生虫的基本方法，但目前正在开发各种方法，以便与这些产品协同作用或相互配合，从而通过采用生态上可接受的策略来提高杀虫剂的功效并减少其不良影响。这些方法分为生态控制（改变寄生虫的生存环境）、生物控制（捕食、寄生、病原体作用等）、遗传控制（释放不育雄虫、杂交、基因操作）和机械控制（昆虫诱捕器、使用驱虫剂）。这些方法的应用取决于体外寄生虫的生物学和生态学特性，它们可能直接或间接起作用，影响死亡率和/或繁殖率。作者综述了适用于主要兽医关注的体外寄生虫类群的主要方法。非化学方法是广泛且前景广阔的研究课题，特别是鉴于生物技术的最新发展。
