Taylor M A
Parasitology & Ecotoxicology, Risk Research, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw,Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
Vet J. 2001 May;161(3):253-68. doi: 10.1053/tvjl.2000.0549.
The sales and use of ectoparasiticides for the control of arthropod parasites of domestic animals constitute a major sector of the global animal health market. Animals are infected by a number of parasitic insect and acarine species causing major economic losses in production livestock, intense irritation and skin disease in companion animals, or public health issues, including bites of humans or zoonotic disease transmission. Dog and cat fleas, for example, can be a serious source of both animal and human irritation, which has led to a rapid expansion in the development of flea control products. The control of ectoparasite infections of veterinary importance still relies heavily on the use of chemicals that target the arthropod nervous system. Such compounds have suffered from a number of drawbacks, including the development of resistance and concerns over human and environmental safety. The search for safer technologies has, however, been hindered by the limited number of active target sites present in arthropods and, to some degree, by the ever-increasing costs of research and development of compounds with novel modes of action.This review provides a background to the currently available groups of ectoparasiticide compounds used in veterinary medicine and highlights some of the more recent developments including the introduction of insect growth regulators and new and improved methods of product application.
用于控制家畜节肢动物寄生虫的体外寄生虫杀虫剂的销售和使用构成了全球动物健康市场的一个主要部门。动物受到多种寄生昆虫和螨类物种的感染，这些感染在生产家畜中造成重大经济损失，在伴侣动物中引起强烈刺激和皮肤病，或引发公共卫生问题，包括人类被叮咬或人畜共患病传播。例如，猫和狗身上的跳蚤可能是动物和人类刺激的严重来源，这导致了跳蚤控制产品开发的迅速扩张。对兽医来说，体外寄生虫感染的控制仍然严重依赖于使用针对节肢动物神经系统的化学物质。这类化合物存在许多缺点，包括耐药性的产生以及对人类和环境安全的担忧。然而，寻找更安全技术的工作受到节肢动物中活性靶点数量有限的阻碍，并且在一定程度上受到具有新作用方式的化合物研发成本不断增加的阻碍。本综述提供了兽用体外寄生虫杀虫剂化合物现有类别背景，并重点介绍了一些最新进展，包括昆虫生长调节剂的引入以及产品应用的新方法和改进方法。
