Hojat M, Gonnella J S, Xu G
Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5083, USA.
Acad Med. 1995 Apr;70(4):305-12. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199504000-00014.
To obtain information from a group of young physicians and compare men and women on their evaluations of selected areas of the medical school curriculum, their perceptions of issues related to medical practice and professional life, and their specialty choices, professional activities, and research productivity.
In 1992, a questionnaire was mailed to 1,076 physicians who had graduated from Jefferson Medical College between 1982 and 1986. The responses of men and women were compared using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance, t-tests, chi-square, and median test.
Completed questionnaires were returned by 667 graduates (530 men and 137 women). The curriculum areas of interpersonal skills, disease prevention, medical ethics, and economics of health care were rated by both men and women as being the most important in medical training. Conversely, research methodology and statistics received the lowest ratings. Women, in general, valued psychosocial aspects of medical care higher than did men. Among the areas of perceived problems related to practice, lack of leisure time received the highest ratings (as being the greatest problem) and interpersonal interactions received the lowest ratings (as being the least problem) from both men and women. The men were more concerned than the women about the areas of patient chart and documentation, malpractice litigation, physician oversupply, peer review, and interaction with patients. These differences remained when specialties and numbers of hours worked per week were held constant. Generally, the physicians reported satisfaction with their professional lives, but the men tended to be more satisfied than the women about their decisions to become physicians and in their perceptions of medicine as a rewarding career. The proportion of men employed full-time (99.4%) was significantly higher than that for women (84%). Women were more likely to practice general pediatrics, while men were more likely to practice surgery and surgical subspecialties. Full-time--employed women worked fewer hours per week (57) than men (63), and men reported more research productivity than women.
The implications of the findings of numerous gender differences are discussed regarding the issues of physician workforce, types of care rendered by men and women, and possible changes in the national health care system.
从一组年轻医生中获取信息，比较男性和女性在医学院课程选定领域的评价、对与医疗实践和职业生活相关问题的看法、专业选择、职业活动以及研究产出方面的差异。
1992年，向1982年至1986年间毕业于杰斐逊医学院的1076名医生邮寄了问卷。使用多变量和单变量方差分析、t检验、卡方检验和中位数检验对男性和女性的回答进行比较。
667名毕业生（530名男性和137名女性）返回了完整的问卷。人际技能、疾病预防、医学伦理和医疗保健经济学等课程领域被男性和女性评为医学培训中最重要的领域。相反，研究方法和统计学的评分最低。总体而言，女性比男性更重视医疗保健的社会心理方面。在与实践相关的感知问题领域中，缺乏休闲时间的评分最高（被认为是最大的问题），人际互动的评分最低（被认为是最小的问题），男性和女性都是如此。男性比女性更关注病历和文件记录、医疗事故诉讼、医生供应过剩、同行评审以及与患者互动等领域。当专业和每周工作小时数保持不变时，这些差异仍然存在。总体而言，医生对自己的职业生活表示满意，但男性对成为医生的决定以及将医学视为有意义职业的看法往往比女性更满意。全职工作的男性比例（99.4%）显著高于女性（84%）。女性更有可能从事普通儿科，而男性更有可能从事外科和外科亚专业。全职工作的女性每周工作小时数（57小时）比男性（63小时）少，男性报告的研究产出比女性多。
讨论了众多性别差异研究结果对医生劳动力问题、男性和女性提供的护理类型以及国家医疗保健系统可能变化的影响。
