Crandall J R, Kuhlmann T P, Pilkey W D
Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22902, USA.
J Trauma. 1995 Apr;38(4):517-20. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199504000-00009.
Growing evidence from data base and laboratory studies demonstrates effective occupant protection with the airbag supplemental restraint and seatbelt restraint system. Concern that drivers of vehicles equipped with airbags may assume adequate protection without concomitant seatbelt use prompted the study of unbelted occupant behavior in frontal crashes.
To evaluate the crash protection afforded unbelted drivers in airbag-equipped vehicles.
Six laboratory sled tests were conducted with a production driver's side airbag and knee bolster restraint system but without a seatbelt restraint system.
Four human cadavers and the Hybrid III dummy were used as occupants in 32 km/h and 48 km/h tests with a simulated mid-size vehicle.
Head contact with the windshield/header region of the simulated vehicle and abdominal impingement on the lower rim of the steering wheel were noted in all tests. Autopsy examinations and radiographic images identified extensive spinal and thoracic trauma in addition to lower extremity and facial injuries. Injury Severity Scores were considered severe to critical for all occupants.
The evidence suggests the need to emphasize the use of seatbelts in conjunction with airbags and to develop a redesigned airbag and knee bolster system to control occupant kinematics and loading more effectively.
来自数据库和实验室研究的越来越多的证据表明，安全气囊辅助约束系统和安全带约束系统能有效地保护车内人员。担心配备安全气囊的车辆驾驶员可能会认为仅靠安全气囊就足以提供保护而不使用安全带，这促使人们对正面碰撞中未系安全带的驾乘人员行为进行研究。
评估配备安全气囊的车辆中未系安全带驾驶员的碰撞保护情况。
使用量产的驾驶员侧安全气囊和膝垫约束系统进行了六次实验室雪橇试验，但未使用安全带约束系统。
在模拟中型车辆以32公里/小时和48公里/小时速度行驶的试验中，使用了四具人体尸体和Hybrid III假人作为驾乘人员。
在所有试验中均观察到头部与模拟车辆的挡风玻璃/车顶区域接触以及腹部撞击方向盘下缘。尸检和X光图像显示，除了下肢和面部受伤外，还存在广泛的脊柱和胸部创伤。所有驾乘人员的损伤严重程度评分均被认为是严重至危急。
有证据表明，需要强调安全带与安全气囊配合使用，并开发重新设计的安全气囊和膝垫系统，以更有效地控制驾乘人员的运动学和负荷。
