York G K, Steinberg D A
Department of Neurology, Kaiser Stockton medical Center, Stockton, CA, USA.
Neurology. 1995 Apr;45(4):834-8. doi: 10.1212/wnl.45.4.834.
John Hughlings Jackson proposed a mechanism of neurologic compensation based on his theory of cerebral localization. According to Hughlings Jackson, there are three levels of evolution of the nervous system. Each element of each level contains a complete representation of the next lower level. Each element of the middle and highest levels contain a representation of the entire body, weighted for a particular part of the body. If the nervous system is damaged so that an area heavily weighted for a particular part of the body is destroyed, less heavily weighted areas are immediately activated according to their weighting. This activation partially compensates for the function of the destroyed tissue. As time passes, the weighting of representation in the unaffected areas changes, amplifying the degree of recovery. Recent clinical studies and PET cerebral blood flow studies show that various ipsilateral and contralateral areas are activated in recovery. The activated areas reside in what Hughlings Jackson would call the middle and highest evolutionary levels. Modern clinical and neurophysiologic observations are therefore consistent with Hughlings Jackson's theory of compensation.
约翰·胡克林·杰克逊基于其大脑定位理论提出了一种神经补偿机制。根据胡克林·杰克逊的理论，神经系统有三个进化层次。每个层次的每个元素都完整地代表下一个更低层次。中间层次和最高层次的每个元素都包含整个身体的表征，并根据身体的特定部位进行加权。如果神经系统受损，导致身体某个特定部位加权较重的区域被破坏，那么加权较轻的区域会根据其权重立即被激活。这种激活部分补偿了被破坏组织的功能。随着时间的推移，未受影响区域的表征权重会发生变化，从而扩大恢复程度。最近的临床研究和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）脑血流研究表明，在恢复过程中，同侧和对侧的各个区域都会被激活。这些被激活的区域位于胡克林·杰克逊所称的中间和最高进化层次。因此，现代临床和神经生理学观察结果与胡克林·杰克逊的补偿理论是一致的。
