Villet R, Zafiropulo M
Service de chirurgie générale et gynécologique Hôpital des Diaconesses, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1995 Feb 1;45(3):308-13.
The diagnosis of urinary incontinence is based on history and physical examination. For the patient, the incontinence is related with a wet vulva, but history differentiate stress from urge incontinence and note the associated urinary symptoms and alterations in bowel habit or sexual function. Physical examination confirms urinary incontinence and assess pelvic prolapses, perineal, muscle tone and skin condition. Specialized tests include imaging and urodynamic tests. Imaging tests are dynamics and identify the position and the aspect of the bladder neck during resting and straining view. Urodynamic tests are designed to determine the functional status of the bladder. They assess the detrusor function, the urethral pressure, the transmission of the pressure from the bladder to the urethra. After clinical evaluation and specialized tests, the urinary incontinence could be identified and evaluated so that an adapted treatment can be proposed.
尿失禁的诊断基于病史和体格检查。对患者而言，失禁与外阴潮湿有关，但病史可区分压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁，并记录相关的泌尿系统症状以及排便习惯或性功能的改变。体格检查可确诊尿失禁，并评估盆腔脏器脱垂、会阴、肌肉张力和皮肤状况。专门检查包括影像学检查和尿动力学检查。影像学检查是动态的，可确定静息和用力状态下膀胱颈的位置和形态。尿动力学检查旨在确定膀胱的功能状态。它们评估逼尿肌功能、尿道压力以及膀胱向尿道的压力传导。经过临床评估和专门检查后，可识别和评估尿失禁情况，从而提出合适的治疗方案。
