Kopjar B, Bulajic-Kopjar M, Wiik J, Nordhagen R
Avdeling for Samfunnsmedisin, Statens Institutt for Folkehelse, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1995 Mar 30;115(9):1060-2.
The aim of this study was to describe the extent of the problem of injuries from falling among elderly people at home. The study is based on data from the National Injury Register, which contains information on all inpatients and outpatients treated for injuries by hospitals and emergency clinics in four Norwegian towns. This study included 594 cases of accidental fall-related injuries which occurred at home in 1992 among a total population of 23,942 persons aged 65 years and over living in two towns, Drammen and Stavanger. The incidence of fall-related injuries at home was 25 per 1,000. The incidence was higher among women than men (32 and 13 per 1,000 respectively). The ratio between falls to the same level and falls to lower levels was 2:1 in the age group 65-79 year and 4:1 in the age group over 80 years. The most common mechanisms causing injuries were loss of balance (46%), stumbling (19%) and sliding (12%). 60% of all patients sustained fractures (15 per 1,000). 50% of all patients were hospitalised. The findings show that possibilities exist for preventing these injuries. The strategies must be directed both at the home environment and at individual factors among the elderly population.
本研究的目的是描述老年人在家中跌倒受伤问题的严重程度。该研究基于国家伤害登记处的数据，其中包含挪威四个城镇的医院和急诊诊所治疗的所有受伤住院患者和门诊患者的信息。本研究纳入了1992年在德拉门和斯塔万格两个城镇居住的23942名65岁及以上人群中发生的594例与意外跌倒相关的在家受伤病例。在家中与跌倒相关的伤害发生率为每1000人中有25例。女性的发生率高于男性（分别为每1000人中有32例和13例）。在65 - 79岁年龄组中，同一水平跌倒与跌倒至较低水平的比例为2:1，在80岁以上年龄组中为4:1。造成伤害最常见的机制是失去平衡（46%）、绊倒（19%）和滑倒（12%）。所有患者中有60%发生骨折（每1000人中有15例）。所有患者中有50%住院治疗。研究结果表明，预防这些伤害是有可能的。预防策略必须针对家庭环境和老年人群中的个体因素。
