Mahan D C
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus.
J Anim Sci. 1994 Nov;72(11):2870-9. doi: 10.2527/1994.72112870x.
A study involving 360 farrowings over a five-parity period evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin E on sow reproductive performance and the subsequent effects on serum, colostrum, and milk tocopherol contents. The 2 x 3 split-split-plot experiment was conducted at two locations that differed in the type of facility (indoor gestation pens/farrowing crates [IP/FC] or outside gestation lots/indoor farrowing pens [OL/FP]) and three dietary levels of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (22, 44, or 66 IU/kg of diet), with five parities nested within sow in a repeated measure design. Sow serum alpha-tocopherol, Se, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured at 30 and 90 d postcoitum and at 21 d postpartum (weaning) during each parity. Colostrum and 7-, 14-, and 21-d milk samples were analyzed for alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and Se concentrations. Three pigs per litter were bled at weaning and their serum was analyzed for alpha-tocopherol and Se concentrations and GSH-Px activity. The results indicated that sow weights and daily lactation feed intakes or litter birth and weaning weights were not affected by dietary vitamin E levels provided to the sow. There was an increased number of pigs born (total, P < .01; live, P < .10) when dietary vitamin E was increased. The incidence of mastitis, metritis, and agalactia decreased (P < .05) as dietary vitamin E was increased. The incidence of mastitis, metritis, and agalactia decreased (P < .05) as dietary vitamin E increased was higher (P < .05) with first- and second-litter sows, and was higher (P < .01) at the location that had the OL/FP facility. Colostrum and milk alpha-tocopherol increased (P < .01) as dietary vitamin E increased. Milk alpha-tocopherol declined linearly (P < .01) from 7 to 21 d postpartum in a parallel manner between dietary vitamin E levels. At weaning, pig serum alpha-tocopherol increased (P < .01) as sow dietary vitamin E level increased. These results support a higher dietary level of vitamin E than currently recommended by NRC (1988) for both gestating and lactating sows.
一项在五个胎次期间涉及360窝分娩的研究，评估了日粮维生素E对母猪繁殖性能的影响以及对血清、初乳和乳汁中生育酚含量的后续影响。该2×3裂区裂区试验在两个地点进行，这两个地点的设施类型不同（室内妊娠栏/产仔箱[IP/FC]或室外妊娠圈/室内产仔栏[OL/FP]），并且日粮中dl-α-生育酚乙酸酯有三个水平（22、44或66 IU/kg日粮），在重复测量设计中，五个胎次嵌套在母猪内。在每个胎次的妊娠后30天和90天以及产后21天（断奶时）测量母猪血清α-生育酚、硒和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。分析初乳以及产后7天、14天和21天的乳汁样本中的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚和硒浓度。每窝选取三头仔猪在断奶时采血，并分析其血清中的α-生育酚、硒浓度和GSH-Px活性。结果表明，提供给母猪的日粮维生素E水平对母猪体重、每日泌乳期采食量或仔猪出生和断奶体重没有影响。日粮维生素E增加时，出生仔猪数量增加（总数，P < 0.01；活仔数，P < 0.10）。随着日粮维生素E增加，乳腺炎、子宫炎和无乳症的发生率降低（P < 0.05）。乳腺炎、子宫炎和无乳症的发生率随着日粮维生素E增加而降低（P < 0.05），头胎和二胎母猪降低幅度更大（P < 0.05），在具有OL/FP设施的地点降低幅度更大（P < 0.01）。随着日粮维生素E增加，初乳和乳汁中的α-生育酚增加（P < 0.01）。在产后7至21天期间，不同日粮维生素E水平下，乳汁中的α-生育酚以平行方式呈线性下降（P < 0.01）。断奶时，仔猪血清α-生育酚随着母猪日粮维生素E水平增加而增加（P < 0.01）。这些结果支持对于妊娠和泌乳母猪采用比美国国家研究委员会（1988）目前推荐水平更高的日粮维生素E水平。
