Brin B N, Voorhees L I, Hopping R L, Berman M S, Ryan J B, Levinson W
Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton 92631-1699, USA.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1995 Mar;66(3):178-88.
Optometry is experiencing a sharp increase in the number of women entering practice. How is this demographic shift likely to affect the profession? This survey was designed to describe current economic and professional profiles of men and women in optometry.
A survey questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide random sample of optometrists, equal numbers of men and women.
Data were analyzed from 353 men and 356 women. Margin of error: +/- 4 percent. On average, women optometrists are younger than men, work 9.4 percent fewer hours, and spend 8.1 percent more time away from their regular professional duties. In 1991 men's optometry income averaged $72,200; women's, $54,400. The income differential persisted after adjusting for age, practice setting, work week, time off, and specialty. Men are more likely to be in solo practice; women in group practice or salaried positions. Similar proportions of men and women are employed in corporate optometry. Few gender differences exist in patient services or other professional activities.
Women optometrists have not yet gained economic equity with men. Male-female similarities in practice patterns suggest that optometry is unlikely to experience major changes in consequence of more women entering the profession.
验光行业中从事该职业的女性人数正在急剧增加。这一人口结构变化可能会对该行业产生怎样的影响？本次调查旨在描述验光行业中男性和女性目前的经济和职业概况。
向全国范围内随机抽取的验光师样本邮寄了调查问卷，男女数量相等。
对353名男性和356名女性的数据进行了分析。误差幅度：正负4%。平均而言，女性验光师比男性年轻，工作时长少9.4%，离开常规工作职责的时间多8.1%。1991年，男性验光师的平均收入为72,200美元；女性为54,400美元。在对年龄、执业环境、工作周、休假时间和专业进行调整后，收入差距依然存在。男性更倾向于独立执业；女性则多在团体执业或受薪岗位工作。在企业验光领域，男女从业比例相似。在患者服务或其他专业活动方面，性别差异不大。
女性验光师尚未在经济上与男性实现平等。执业模式上的男女相似性表明，随着更多女性进入该行业，验光行业不太可能经历重大变革。
