Roberts W E, Morrison J C, Perry K G, Floyd R C, McLaughlin B N, Fox M D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216-4505, USA.
J Reprod Med. 1995 Feb;40(2):95-100.
This study aimed to determine the incidence of preterm labor and birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) in patients at high risk for early delivery. In this retrospective, descriptive study, 17,186 women with high-risk factors for early delivery were studied over a five-year period (1986-1990). Study groups included women with prior preterm delivery, multifetal gestations, uterine abnormalities and cervical factors. The rate of preterm labor for all patients averaged 40% (range, 30-46%). The rate of preterm delivery in the four groups ranged from 14% to 30% and averaged 19.7%. In those who experienced preterm delivery, only 32% of cases were due to preterm labor with advanced cervical dilatation, failed tocolysis or preterm premature rupture of membranes. The majority of early deliveries were due to medical or obstetric disorders as well as to patient/physician factors. The incidence of preterm labor remains significant when women have high-risk factors for preterm delivery. However, the incidence of preterm delivery, particularly that due to avoidable factors, such as failed tocolysis and preterm rupture of the membranes, is considerably lower than that quoted in the literature.
本研究旨在确定早产风险高的患者中早产（妊娠<37周）和分娩的发生率。在这项回顾性描述性研究中，对17186名有早产高危因素的女性进行了为期五年（1986 - 1990年）的研究。研究组包括有既往早产史、多胎妊娠、子宫异常和宫颈因素的女性。所有患者的早产率平均为40%（范围30% - 46%）。四组的早产率在14%至30%之间，平均为19.7%。在发生早产的患者中，只有32%的病例是由于宫颈扩张进展的早产、宫缩抑制失败或胎膜早破。大多数早产是由于内科或产科疾病以及患者/医生因素。当女性有早产高危因素时，早产的发生率仍然很高。然而，早产的发生率，特别是由于可避免因素（如宫缩抑制失败和胎膜早破）导致的早产发生率，远低于文献报道的发生率。
