Determination of water permeability coefficient and its activation energy for rabbit spermatozoa.

Critical tonicity (tonicity at which 50% of cells swell beyond their maximum volume-to-surface area ratio and lyse) of rabbit spermatozoa was measured as 45.6 mOsm at 22 degrees C. To determine the temperature effect on critical tonicity, cells were equilibrated to 15, 25, and 35 degrees C and critical tonicity was measured as 52.9, 42.2, and 32.4 mOsm, respectively. The time taken for rabbit sperm to achieve lysis at these temperatures was measured by exposing cells for increasing times to distilled water. From these results values for the permeability coefficient of rabbit spermatozoa to water (Lp) and its activation energy (Ea) were calculated. At 25 degrees C, Lp was 0.63 micron/min/atm and was clearly temperature dependent; Ea was 17.8 kcal/mol. Rabbit spermatozoa appear to have a low Lp and high Ea, the opposite of the situation seen with spermatozoa from all other species examined to date which have high Lp and low Ea. Nevertheless, the values obtained permit modeling of cooling rates for cell survival during cryopreservation in keeping with cooling rates commonly employed.