Joyce E M, Robbins T W
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, U.K.
Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1993;2:501-5.
It has been suggested that both Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics share certain memory deficits following alcohol withdrawal. Since both groups have in common long-term alcohol abuse, this has been posited as evidence that alcohol per se can cause irreversible cognitive impairment. This hypothesis has been examined by comparing age and IQ matched groups of detoxified Korsakoff and non-Korsakoff alcoholics and normal controls on pencil and paper and computerised (CANTAB) memory tests. The results indicate that Korsakoff but not non-Korsakoff alcoholics have neuropsychological deficits on tests which have demonstrated medial temporal-lobe/diencephalic dysfunction in humans and non-human primates. Although non-Korsakoff alcoholics showed deficits on the Wechsler Memory Scale subtests these could not be related to damage of specific neuronal systems. Furthermore there was evidence that for the non-Korsakoff but not the Korsakoff alcoholics, superior performance on the Wechsler memory scale subtests was related to increased length of abstinence and independent of either age or duration of drinking.
有人提出，科尔萨科夫型和非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者在戒酒之后都存在某些记忆缺陷。由于这两组人群都长期酗酒，这一点被视为酒精本身可导致不可逆认知障碍的证据。通过对年龄和智商匹配的已戒酒科尔萨科夫型和非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者以及正常对照组进行纸笔记忆测试和计算机化（CANTAB）记忆测试，对这一假设进行了检验。结果表明，在已证明人类和非人类灵长类动物存在内侧颞叶/间脑功能障碍的测试中，科尔萨科夫型酗酒者存在神经心理学缺陷，而非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者则没有。尽管非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者在韦氏记忆量表子测试中表现出缺陷，但这些缺陷与特定神经元系统的损伤无关。此外，有证据表明，对于非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者而非科尔萨科夫型酗酒者来说，韦氏记忆量表子测试中的优异表现与戒酒时间延长有关，且与年龄或饮酒时长无关。
