Cohn J R, Spiegel J R, Sataloff R T
Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995 May;74(5):363-73; quiz 373-6.
As the modulating and power source for the voice, the upper and lower respiratory tracts play a key role in management of voice production. Allergic respiratory disease can impair vocalization, which can be a particular problem in the professional voice user.
The goal of this review is to facilitate the evaluation and management of professional voice users who have allergic respiratory problems contributing to their vocal dysfunction. This article discusses the anatomy and physiology of voice production, laryngeal pathology, and special diagnostic and therapeutic considerations relative to the allergist's role in treatment of these patients.
Mechanisms of voice production are reviewed, as well as common laryngeal pathology effecting voice production. Allergic respiratory diseases are summarized, with particular attention to those aspects of management that are altered in professional voice users.
Professional voice users require modification in their management to optimize vocal function and minimize abnormalities of the vocal tract. This includes avoidance of medications that produce drying of the airway, as well as avoidance of inhaled corticosteroids. Subtle changes in respiratory function, which may be of no consequence to other individuals, may adversely affect performance ability, and need aggressive management. Allergen immunotherapy, because of its lack of adverse effects on the vocal apparatus, is particularly well suited for treatment of professional voice users.
Allergists have an important role to play in management of the professional voice user. With careful attention to the unique requirements of these highly trained individuals, the allergist can enhance their performance ability while minimizing side effects from treatment.
作为声音的调节和动力源，上、下呼吸道在发声管理中起着关键作用。过敏性呼吸道疾病会损害发声，这对于职业用嗓者来说可能是个特别的问题。
本综述的目的是促进对患有过敏性呼吸道问题并导致其发声功能障碍的职业用嗓者的评估和管理。本文讨论了发声的解剖学和生理学、喉部病理学，以及与过敏症专科医生在这些患者治疗中的作用相关的特殊诊断和治疗考虑因素。
回顾了发声机制以及影响发声的常见喉部病理学。总结了过敏性呼吸道疾病，特别关注职业用嗓者管理中有所改变的那些方面。
职业用嗓者需要在管理上做出调整，以优化发声功能并尽量减少声道异常。这包括避免使用导致气道干燥的药物，以及避免使用吸入性糖皮质激素。呼吸功能的细微变化对其他个体可能无关紧要，但可能会对职业用嗓者的表现能力产生不利影响，需要积极管理。变应原免疫疗法由于对发声器官没有不良影响，特别适合治疗职业用嗓者。
过敏症专科医生在职业用嗓者的管理中可发挥重要作用。通过仔细关注这些训练有素的个体的独特需求，过敏症专科医生可以提高他们的表现能力，同时尽量减少治疗的副作用。
