Brun-Vézinet F, Descamps D, Loussert-Ajaka I, Simon F
Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1995 Mar 15;45(6):701-7.
Virulence is relative capacity of a virus, compared to other closely related viruses, to produce disease in a host. Viral strains considered as virulent have been described in HIV-1 infected patients. They are characterized in vitro by enhanced cellular host range, rapid kinetic of replication and increased capacity of syncytium induction. Some genetic modification of the V3 loop in the envelope gene have been associated with the emergence of these strains. But at AIDS diagnosis, and even at the terminal stage of AIDS, only about half of the patients harbour syncytium inducing variants. There are much evidence for continuous viral replication throughout all stages of HIV-1 infection. There is no viral latency state in the natural HIV infection. This increasing viral burden might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. HIV-2 is less pathogenic than HIV-1. The nature of the viral determinants responsible for this reduced virulence remains unknown. In the simian immunodeficiency virus model, virulent and avirulent strains have been described and the nef gene seems to have a critical role in pathogenicity.
毒力是一种病毒相对于其他密切相关病毒而言，在宿主体内引发疾病的相对能力。在HIV-1感染患者中已描述了被认为具有毒力的病毒株。它们在体外的特征是细胞宿主范围扩大、复制动力学迅速以及诱导合胞体的能力增强。包膜基因中V3环的一些基因修饰与这些毒株的出现有关。但在艾滋病诊断时，甚至在艾滋病末期，只有约一半的患者携带诱导合胞体的变体。有大量证据表明在HIV-1感染的所有阶段病毒都在持续复制。在自然的HIV感染中不存在病毒潜伏状态。这种不断增加的病毒载量可能在HIV疾病的发病机制中起关键作用。HIV-2的致病性低于HIV-1。导致这种毒力降低的病毒决定因素的性质尚不清楚。在猴免疫缺陷病毒模型中，已描述了有毒力和无毒力的毒株，nef基因似乎在致病性中起关键作用。
