Agarwal D P, Benkmann H G, Goedde H W, Püschel K, Béres J, Czeizel A E, Dobos I, Métneki J, Szekér E, Sahegyi J
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Hamburg.
Anthropol Anz. 1995 Mar;53(1):67-78.
An epidemiological study on alcohol drinking habits, alcohol metabolism rate, alcohol-related acute physiological symptoms, and alcohol misuse among Palócs, an ethnic minority in Hungary, was conducted. The demographic and sociocultural correlates revealed their ethnic identity: low to moderate education, relatively low number of children per family and higher percentage of skilled workers among males. Alcohol use survey revealed that frequency of alcohol consumption among Palóc male population is considerably high. While about 41% of the Palóc males reported to drink daily between 30 ml and 90 ml pure alcohol, only 5% of the females reported to consume this amount regularly. 53% of males and less than 1% of females were classified as heavy drinkers (consuming more than 60 ml absolute alcohol per day). While all kinds of alcoholic beverage was reported to be consumed by the males, Pálinka (a kind of brandy) drinking was more common among females. About 45% of the Palócs reported to experience acute reactions after drinking a moderate dose of alcohol. The physical and physiological reactions include facial flushing, higher pulse rate, tachycardia and euphoria. While there was no distinct gender difference in facial flushing response to alcohol drinking, a higher percentage of males (70%) reported symptoms such as sleepiness, euphoria and aggressiveness as compared to about only 36% females reporting such reactions. Distribution of clinical chemical markers, in particular GGT values confirmed a heavier alcohol consumption among males than among females. High GGT value also correlated with a positive alcohol-related facial flushing reaction in males.
对匈牙利少数民族帕洛茨人的饮酒习惯、酒精代谢率、酒精相关的急性生理症状和酒精滥用情况进行了一项流行病学研究。人口统计学和社会文化关联因素揭示了他们的民族特征：教育程度低至中等，家庭子女数量相对较少，男性中技术工人的比例较高。酒精使用调查显示，帕洛茨男性人群的饮酒频率相当高。约41%的帕洛茨男性报告每天饮用30毫升至90毫升纯酒精，而只有5%的女性报告经常饮用这个量。53%的男性和不到1%的女性被归类为重度饮酒者（每天饮用超过60毫升纯酒精）。虽然男性报告饮用各种酒精饮料，但女性中饮用帕林卡（一种白兰地）更为常见。约45%的帕洛茨人报告在饮用适量酒精后会出现急性反应。身体和生理反应包括面部潮红、脉搏加快、心动过速和欣快感。虽然饮酒后面部潮红反应在性别上没有明显差异，但报告有嗜睡、欣快感和攻击性等症状的男性比例较高（70%），而报告有此类反应的女性比例仅约为36%。临床化学指标的分布，特别是γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）值证实男性的酒精消费量高于女性。高GGT值也与男性中与酒精相关的阳性面部潮红反应相关。
