Carafoli E
Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich.
J Hypertens Suppl. 1994 Dec;12(10):S47-56.
The signaling function of calcium is controlled by reversible complexation to specific proteins. Most of the soluble proteins belong to the exchange factor (EF)-hand family and act as decoders of the calcium information. They do so by changing conformation twice, once upon complexing calcium and later, upon interacting with target enzymes. The most important among the EF-hand proteins is calmodulin. MEMBRANE-INTRINSIC CALCIUM-CONTROLLING PROTEINS: Other calcium-controlling proteins are membrane-intrinsic (plasma membranes and organelles), and interact with calcium with high affinity (pumps) or with low affinity (sodium-calcium exchange, calcium channels, electrophoretic uptake by mitochondria). The fine and rapid tuning of cellular calcium is performed essentially by pumps, although in excitable tissues, plasma membrane sodium-calcium exchange is also important. Long-term, low-affinity calcium regulation, particularly in the presence of pathological increases in calcium entry, is probably performed by mitochondrial uptake/release systems.
钙的信号传导功能通过与特定蛋白质的可逆络合来控制。大多数可溶性蛋白质属于EF手型家族，充当钙信息的解码器。它们通过两次改变构象来实现这一点，一次是在与钙络合时，另一次是在与靶酶相互作用时。EF手型蛋白质中最重要的是钙调蛋白。膜内在钙调控蛋白：其他钙调控蛋白是膜内在的（质膜和细胞器），并以高亲和力（泵）或低亲和力（钠钙交换、钙通道、线粒体的电渗摄取）与钙相互作用。细胞钙的精细和快速调节主要由泵来完成，尽管在可兴奋组织中，质膜钠钙交换也很重要。长期的、低亲和力的钙调节，特别是在钙内流病理性增加的情况下，可能由线粒体摄取/释放系统来完成。
