Johansen R L, Callis M, Potts J, Shall L M
Eastern Virginia Medical University, Norfolk, VA 23502, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995 Apr;21(4):216-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1995.21.4.216.
Strength, stretching, and rehabilitation methods for the shoulder have been previously described and have been universally applied; nevertheless, many throwing athletes continue to develop overuse injuries. The pitching process tends to increase external rotation and limit internal rotation of the shoulder joint. Our technique involves a modified stretching method of the posterior shoulder musculature. The athlete lies prone with the elbow flexed 90 degrees. With the shoulder abducted 90 degrees, in neutral flexion/extension, and 90 degrees or more of internal rotation, the scapula protrudes posteriorly. By depressing the inferior angle of the scapula toward the thoracic wall, the infraspinatus muscle and posterior joint capsule are effectively isolated and stretched. Manual stabilization of the scapula onto the chest wall transfers the internal rotation movements to the glenohumeral joint, as opposed to sharing the movement with the scapulothoracic articulation. This method improves the efficacy of the internal rotation stretching exercise for the glenohumeral joint. Such an addition to traditional stretching methods may increase the efficiency of the least effective component. We conclude that this modification to traditional programs should be an integral part of the training and rehabilitation program of any athlete requiring near maximal performance of the shoulder.
肩部的力量训练、伸展训练及康复方法此前已有描述并被广泛应用；然而，许多投掷运动员仍会出现过度使用损伤。投球过程往往会增加肩关节的外旋并限制内旋。我们的技术涉及一种改良的肩部后方肌肉组织伸展方法。运动员俯卧，肘部弯曲90度。肩部外展90度，处于中立的屈伸位置，内旋90度或更多，此时肩胛骨向后突出。通过将肩胛骨下角向胸壁下压，可有效分离并拉伸冈下肌和关节后囊。将肩胛骨手动稳定在胸壁上，可将内旋运动转移至盂肱关节，而不是与肩胛胸壁关节共同分担该运动。此方法提高了盂肱关节内旋伸展练习的效果。在传统伸展方法中加入这一方法可能会提高最无效部分的效率。我们得出结论，对传统训练计划的这种修改应成为任何需要肩部接近最大程度发挥功能的运动员训练和康复计划的一个组成部分。
