Winter D A, Eng P
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ont., Canada.
Behav Brain Res. 1995 Mar;67(2):111-20. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(94)00154-8.
The goal of this chapter is to demonstrate the role of integrated biomechanical analyses in complex movements such as gait in alerting researchers of the goals and synergies of the CNS. Because of the large number of segments involved and the potential for the CNS to take advantage of inter-limb coupling it is only through appropriate biomechanical analyses that such collaboration can be identified. Examples from normal, perturbed, elderly and pathological gait are presented to demonstrate the principles of total limb and total body analysis to pinpoint the goals of the CNS and to identify total limb or body synergies and adaptations in the elderly and in gait pathologies. Such findings reinforce the generalizations made many years ago by Bernstein [2] when he postulated several simplifying principles of CNS control. Also, evident from these analyses are the precision and accuracy of biomechanical variables that make these measures particularly sensitive to small changes within an individual or across a population group.
本章的目的是展示综合生物力学分析在诸如步态等复杂运动中所起的作用，以此提醒研究人员注意中枢神经系统（CNS）的目标和协同作用。由于涉及大量身体节段，且中枢神经系统有可能利用肢体间的耦合，因此只有通过适当的生物力学分析才能识别这种协同作用。文中给出了正常、受扰、老年和病理步态的例子，以展示全肢体和全身分析的原理，从而确定中枢神经系统的目标，并识别老年人及步态病理情况下的全肢体或全身协同作用及适应性变化。这些发现强化了伯恩斯坦[2]多年前所做的概括，当时他提出了中枢神经系统控制的几条简化原则。此外，从这些分析中还可以看出生物力学变量的精确性和准确性，这使得这些测量对个体内部或人群组内的微小变化特别敏感。
