Changes in extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate in rat substantia nigra induced by dopamine receptor ligands: in vivo microdialysis studies.

The microdialysis technique was utilized to study the local effects of D1 and D2 family type dopamine (DA) receptor (R) ligands on the in vivo release of endogenous glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP) from rat substantia nigra (SN). Addition to the dialysis perfusion solution of either D1-R and D2-R agonists, such as SKF-38393 (50 and 100 microM) and Quinpirole (5 and 10 microM), resulted in dose-dependent increases in extracellular concentrations of GLU and ASP, respectively. The SKF-38393 and Quinpirole-induced effects were reduced by SCH-23390 (0.5 microM), a D1-R antagonist, and by Spiperone (1.0 microM), a D2-R antagonist, respectively. However, SCH-23390 and Spiperone did increase GLU and ASP extracellular concentrations. Local infusion with Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (1.0 microM), a blocker of voltage-dependent Na+ channels, increased basal extracellular levels of GLU. In addition, co-infusion of TTX and SKF-38393 evoked increases in extracellular GLU levels higher than those observed after SKF-38393 alone. Finally, chemical lesions of nigral DA cells with 6-OH-DA increased the basal extracellular levels of GLU. It is proposed that the release of GLU and ASP from SN may be regulated by D1- and D2-receptors present in this basal ganglia structure. In addition, part of the D1 receptors present in SN might be located presynaptically on GLU-containing nerve endings.