Pappert E J, Goetz C G
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Neurology. 1995 Jun;45(6):1228-32. doi: 10.1212/wnl.45.6.1228.
Although European treatises were translated and available to American doctors interested in neurology during the 19th century, the early American neurologic textbooks were distinctive in their comprehensive integration of basic and clinical science. William A. Hammond, in 1871, published the first comprehensive American textbook of neurology, preceding the manuals by Gowers (1886) and Oppenheim (1894) by more than a decade. Four other American adult neurologic textbooks expanded on Hammond's model and incorporated other important topics, including neurologic anatomy, the formal examination, neurochemistry, and complete bibliographies. Bernard Sachs' 1895 textbook was the first pediatric neurologic textbook published in America and made significant contributions to the organization of childhood neurologic disorders. These works functioned as centralized resources for neurologic information, were influential educational tools, and helped foster a growing appreciation of the American neurologic school both nationally and internationally.
尽管19世纪欧洲的医学专著被翻译出来，供对神经病学感兴趣的美国医生阅读，但早期的美国神经病学教科书在基础科学与临床科学的全面整合方面独具特色。1871年，威廉·A·哈蒙德出版了第一本综合性的美国神经病学教科书，比高尔斯（1886年）和奥本海姆（1894年）的手册早了十多年。另外四本美国成人神经病学教科书在哈蒙德的模式基础上进行了扩展，并纳入了其他重要主题，包括神经解剖学、正规检查、神经化学以及完整的参考文献。伯纳德·萨克斯1895年出版的教科书是美国出版的第一本儿科神经病学教科书，对儿童神经系统疾病的分类做出了重大贡献。这些著作成为神经病学信息的集中资源，是有影响力的教育工具，并有助于在国内和国际上培养对美国神经病学流派日益增长的认可度。
