Makowski G S, Richter J J, Moore R E, Eisma R, Ostheimer D, Onoroski M, Wu A H
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030, USA.
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1995 Mar-Apr;25(2):169-78.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of urinary fentanyl was evaluated as a screening tool for detecting abuse of this potent narcotic. The assay was found to have reproducible calibration curves from 0.5 to 10 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. Interference by proteins, glucose, or pH was negligible. The assay was specific for fentanyl with little cross-reactivity against despropionyl fentanyl and norfentanyl metabolites, other analgesics and common drugs of abuse. To evaluate its use in humans, urines were collected from 57 normal individuals, 48 patients seen in the Emergency Department, and 18 surgical patients receiving either low (50 micrograms) or moderate fentanyl dosage (200 and 250 micrograms) for routine anesthesia. In patients receiving 50 micrograms (a dose consistent with early abuse), urinary fentanyl was detectable for 3 to 10 h post administration. In patients receiving 200 or 250 micrograms (a dose more consistent with addiction), urinary fentanyl was detectable for longer time periods (> 24 h). These results indicate that the ELISA is sensitive for the detection of recent fentanyl exposure under conditions likely to mimic those in abuse and addiction. The assay is simple to perform, reliable, and can be used to screen urine specimens prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation.
一种用于定量测定尿中芬太尼的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法被评估为检测这种强效麻醉剂滥用情况的筛查工具。该测定法在0.5至10 ng/mL范围内具有可重复的校准曲线，检测限为0.5 ng/mL。蛋白质、葡萄糖或pH值的干扰可忽略不计。该测定法对芬太尼具有特异性，与去丙酰芬太尼和去甲芬太尼代谢物、其他镇痛药及常见滥用药物的交叉反应很小。为评估其在人体中的应用，收集了57名正常个体、48名急诊科患者以及18名接受低剂量（50微克）或中等剂量芬太尼（200和250微克）进行常规麻醉的外科手术患者的尿液。在接受50微克芬太尼（与早期滥用一致的剂量）的患者中，给药后3至10小时可检测到尿中芬太尼。在接受200或250微克芬太尼（与成瘾更一致的剂量）的患者中，尿中芬太尼可在更长时间段（>24小时）内检测到。这些结果表明，ELISA法在可能模拟滥用和成瘾情况的条件下对检测近期芬太尼暴露敏感。该测定法操作简单、可靠，可用于在气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）确认之前对尿样进行筛查。
