Braunstein G L
Laboratoires Fisons, Tour PFA, Paris La Défense.
Allerg Immunol (Paris). 1995 Feb;27(2):50-4.
The cromone family comprises sodium cromoglycate and the more recently developed nedocromil sodium. Nedocromil sodium prevents the bronchial obstruction induced by a variety of stimuli, including antigen. When given before antigen inhalation, nedocromil sodium prevents the early and late reaction and the increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It is still effective in preventing the late phase when given after antigen exposure. These effects may result from the action of nedocromil sodium on inflammatory cells observed in vitro, particularly mast cells and eosinophils. When inhaled regularly, nedocromil sodium improves symptoms, especially in moderate asthma, decreases bronchial obstruction and reduces bronchial hyperreactivity. Bronchial biopsy studies have shown a decrease in activated eosinophils during prolonged nedocromil sodium treatment, suggesting that the clinical benefit results from an antiinflammatory effect of the drug. More recently, it has been suggested that nedocromil sodium may act on membrane chloride channel involved in activation of many cell types. In vitro data have shown a decrease in IgE production by isolated mononuclear cells, suggesting new therapeutic potential to be studied clinically.
色酮类药物包括色甘酸钠和最近研制出的奈多罗米钠。奈多罗米钠可预防由多种刺激物（包括抗原）诱发的支气管阻塞。在吸入抗原前给予奈多罗米钠，可预防早期和晚期反应以及支气管高反应性的增加。在抗原暴露后给予该药，对预防晚期反应仍有效。这些作用可能源于奈多罗米钠在体外对炎症细胞（特别是肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞）的作用。定期吸入奈多罗米钠可改善症状，尤其是在中度哮喘患者中，可减轻支气管阻塞并降低支气管高反应性。支气管活检研究表明，在长期使用奈多罗米钠治疗期间，活化的嗜酸性粒细胞数量减少，提示该药物的临床益处源于其抗炎作用。最近，有人提出奈多罗米钠可能作用于参与多种细胞类型激活的膜氯通道。体外数据显示，分离的单核细胞产生的IgE减少，提示有待临床研究的新治疗潜力。
