Fetal arrhythmias, pediatric arrhythmias, and pediatric electrophysiology.

The practice of pediatric electrophysiology has been altered drastically and irrevocably over the past 5 years. With the advent of widespread application of transcatheter radiofrequency ablative techniques in young patients, decision-making in the management of childhood arrhythmias has focused less on palliative medical therapies and more on the potential for curative, nonsurgical interventions. This review examines the published contributions in the area of pediatric catheter ablation, antiarrhythmic drug therapy, postoperative arrhythmias, fetal arrhythmias, and electrocardiographic phenomena after cardiac transplantation.