Rupes V, Moravec J, Chmela J, Ledvinka J, Zelenková J
National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1995 Feb;3(1):30-2.
An outbreak of pediculosis at primary schools was recorded in the Czech Republic in 1992. Almost 20% of children in some schools were infested. This outbreak can be attributed to the resistance of head lice to permethrin, which has not been mentioned in literature yet. The resistance factors established in three towns range between 2 and 385 and between 5 and 557 for LC50 and LC90 values, respectively. This resistance has developed after exclusive use of pyrethroids lotion and shampoo in the Czech Republic since 1978, and it was accompanied by a cross-resistance to d-phenothrin and bioalethrin. But the susceptibility of head lice to malathion and pirimiphos-methyl in 1992 was very similar to that found in 1981. The lotion containing 0.3% of malathion (Diffusil H92 M) has been fully effective against the resistant lice. When introduced into the practice, it quickly reduced the infestation of children in primary schools. The other lotion and shampoo containing 0.3% and 0.7% of pirimiphos-methyl respectively were found to be effective as well.
1992年，捷克共和国记录了一起小学头虱病暴发事件。一些学校近20%的儿童受到感染。此次暴发可归因于头虱对氯菊酯产生了抗药性，这在文献中尚未提及。在三个城镇确定的抗药因子中，LC50值在2至385之间，LC90值在5至557之间。自1978年以来，捷克共和国一直独家使用拟除虫菊酯乳液和洗发水，由此产生了这种抗药性，并且对头虱还产生了对右旋苯醚菊酯和生物烯丙菊酯的交叉抗药性。但1992年头虱对马拉硫磷和甲基嘧啶磷的敏感性与1981年的情况非常相似。含有0.3%马拉硫磷的乳液（Diffusil H92 M）对具有抗药性的头虱完全有效。投入实际使用后，它迅速降低了小学儿童的感染率。另外，分别含有0.3%和0.7%甲基嘧啶磷的乳液和洗发水也被证明是有效的。
