Exclusion of SP-C, but not SP-B, by gel phase palmitoyl lipids.

The interactions of the hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins, SP-C and SP-B, with lipid bilayers were assessed by fluorescence energy transfer. SP-C and SP-B were labeled with the fluorescent probe, succinimidyl nitrobenzoxadiazolyl amino hexanoate (NBD). Fluorescence energy transfer from NBD-SP-C and NBD-SP-B to four distinct indocarbocyanine probes (CnDiI) was utilized to determine the association of the surfactant proteins with various lipid acyl chains. In lipid mixtures including DPPC and DPPG, SP-C was associated with shorter chain and unsaturated lipids below the bulk lipid phase transition. Longer chain saturated CnDiI were excluded from SP-C aggregates. In contrast, SP-B demonstrated little acyl chain preference. The association of SP-C with shorter chain and unsaturated lipids below the bulk phase transition is interpreted to arise from a mismatch in the length of the hydrophobic region of the SP-C alpha-helix relative to the length of the hydrophobic region of dipalmitoyl lipids in the gel phase.