Mini A, Rau H, Montoya P, Palomba D, Birbaumer N
Università degli Studi di Padova, Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Italy.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1995 Feb;19(1):67-77. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(94)00084-r.
The specificity of baroreceptor-dependent inhibition of pain reactions to electrical stimuli was investigated during induction of different emotional states in 27 subjects. Baroreceptors were stimulated through the PRES (Phase Related External Suction) technique, while emotions were induced by means of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant slides. The dependent variables were pain ratings, somatic evoked potentials (N150 and P260) recorded from Fz, Cz and Pz, and skin conductance response (SCR), while heart rate was recorded as a PRES requirement. Valence and arousal ratings were obtained in front of each slide. During suction (external baroreceptor activation) reduced pain ratings, cortical disfacilitation (from Pz, as revealed by N150) and lower SCR were found as compared to pressure (baroreceptor deactivation). Moreover, brain evoked potentials (N150 and P260) reflecting cortical inhibition were found under condition of baroreceptor stimulation during unpleasant slides, but not during pleasant or neutral ones: this result was found in the high blood pressure subjects only. Data showed also a valence effect on pain ratings: pain was evaluated to be higher during unpleasant slides, than neutral and pleasant ones. Results are discussed in the light of "baroreceptor reward" hypothesis, which proposes a learning mechanism for the development of essential hypertension.
在27名受试者处于不同情绪状态时，研究了压力感受器依赖性对电刺激疼痛反应的抑制特异性。通过PRES（相位相关外部抽吸）技术刺激压力感受器，同时通过呈现愉快、中性和不愉快的幻灯片来诱发情绪。因变量包括疼痛评分、从Fz、Cz和Pz记录的躯体诱发电位（N150和P260）以及皮肤电导反应（SCR），同时记录心率作为PRES的要求。在每张幻灯片前获取效价和唤醒评分。与施加压力（压力感受器失活）相比，在抽吸（外部压力感受器激活）过程中发现疼痛评分降低、皮质抑制（如N150所示，来自Pz）以及较低的SCR。此外，在不愉快幻灯片期间的压力感受器刺激条件下发现反映皮质抑制的脑诱发电位（N150和P260），而在愉快或中性幻灯片期间未发现：仅在高血压受试者中发现此结果。数据还显示了效价对疼痛评分的影响：在不愉快幻灯片期间评估的疼痛高于中性和愉快幻灯片期间。根据“压力感受器奖赏”假说对结果进行了讨论，该假说提出了原发性高血压发生发展的一种学习机制。
