Rodbard S
Acta Cardiol. 1976;31(1):27-56.
Color-coded liquid plastic was injected intraparenchymally (not into the blood vessels) into more than 300 hearts of homeotherms--including dog, cat, sheep, beef, horse, mammalian dolphins, chickens, turkeys, etc. The organization of the hearts of all these species appears to be similar. After injection of a heart segment such as the right ventricular free wall, corrosion (digestion) of the heart in strong alkali releases the case of only this free wall, and of the lymphatic vessels which drain this segment. None of the injected plastic enters the left ventricular free wall or the septum. Color-coded injections reveal that injections into only the left ventricular free wall, followed by digestion of the heart releases a cast of only the left ventricular free wall. Injection into the septum produces a cast of only the septum. Injection into all three compartments provides a cast of the apex and midpoint of the heart. The colors and injections remain discrete--they never mix. This is evidence that fibrous supercapsules separate these three compartments. The casts prepared by injection into the middle or inferior parts of the ventricular myocardium show large lacunae at the base. Similar injection experiments show that the base of the heart consists of two discrete suborgans: the inflow tract or cushion (tricuspid and mitral rings, and their papillary muscles), and the outflow tract or infundibulum (muscular bundles inferior to the pulmonary and aortic outlets). Further studies showed that the septum consists of discrete right and left hemiseptae. These data support the hypothesis that the heart consists of three suborgans; the cushion, venter (pump), and infundibulum. Each suborgan consists of four compartmetns: its free right wall, free left wall, and right and left hemiseptae. These entirely separate twelve compartments of the ventricular myocardium are held together by strong fibrous connective tissues. Their function is coordinated by the atrioventricular conduction system. The present studies indicate that earlier studies which have indicated that the heart consists of one or two bandage-like, concentric wrappings may be incorrect. The significance of our findings is dicussed.
将彩色编码的液态塑料经实质内（而非血管内）注入300多只恒温动物的心脏，这些动物包括狗、猫、绵羊、牛、马、哺乳动物海豚、鸡、火鸡等。所有这些物种的心脏组织结构似乎相似。在注入心脏的某个节段，如右心室游离壁后，将心脏置于强碱中进行腐蚀（消化），仅能释放出该游离壁以及引流该节段的淋巴管的铸型。注入的塑料均不会进入左心室游离壁或室间隔。彩色编码注射显示，仅注入左心室游离壁后，再对心脏进行消化，仅能释放出左心室游离壁的铸型。注入室间隔则仅产生室间隔的铸型。注入所有三个腔室可得到心脏心尖和中点的铸型。不同颜色的注射物保持分离，从不混合。这证明纤维性超囊将这三个腔室分隔开。向心室心肌的中部或下部进行注射所制备的铸型在基部显示出大的腔隙。类似的注射实验表明，心脏基部由两个离散的亚器官组成：流入道或垫（三尖瓣和二尖瓣环及其乳头肌），以及流出道或漏斗部（肺动脉和主动脉出口下方的肌束）。进一步研究表明，室间隔由离散的右半隔和左半隔组成。这些数据支持心脏由三个亚器官组成的假说，即垫、心室（泵）和漏斗部。每个亚器官由四个腔室组成：其右游离壁、左游离壁以及右半隔和左半隔。心室心肌的这十二个完全分离的腔室由强纤维结缔组织维系在一起。它们的功能由房室传导系统协调。目前的研究表明，早期认为心脏由一层或两层绷带样同心包裹组成的研究可能是错误的。我们对研究结果的意义进行了讨论。
