5-Oxo-eicosanoids are potent eosinophil chemotactic factors. Functional characterization and structural requirements.

Human eosinophils produce upon treatment with 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid or (5S,15S)-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid a potent eosinophil-chemotactic eicosanoid, 5-oxo-15-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoi c acid (5-oxo-15-HETE). 5-Oxo-15-HETE induces human eosinophil (Eo) chemotaxis at nanomolar concentrations with an efficacy in vitro comparable to that seen for platelet activating factor. Comparison of Eo chemotactic activities of several structurally related eicosanoids with different substituents and/or double bound geometry led to the conclusion that maximal potency and efficacy of eosinophil-chemotactic and chemokinetic activity is present in 5-oxo-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE). The presence of a hydroxyl group at position C-15 is not necessary for potent chemotactic activity, whereas a geometric isomer having trans instead of cis double bond at C-atom 8, as well as esterified 5-oxo-ETE usually show a 5-10-fold lower potency. 5-Oxo-eicosanoids elicit a dose-dependent transient rise of intracellular Ca2+ levels in human Eos, however, in contrast to some other Eo chemotaxins do not induce degranulation. Cross-desensitization of Ca2+ mobilization and Eo chemotaxis revealed that the geometric isomers of 5-oxo-eicosanoids, 5(S)-HETE, and (5S,15S)-di-HETE cross-deactivate Eo responses to each other, whereas other, unrelated stimuli did not interfere with these lipids indicating that 5-oxo-eicosanoids activate Eos via a separate receptor.