Limited role for intratubal methotrexate treatment of ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

To test the effectiveness of laparoscopic intratubal methotrexate (MTX) injection or salpingostomy in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP).

DESIGN

Prospective predefined protocol.

SETTING

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a university-affiliated hospital.

PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS

Between January 1988 and December 1993, we treated 342 women with EP, of which 99 were treated by either laparoscopic salpingostomy (n = 55) or intratubal MTX injection (n = 44).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The success and failure rates were calculated for each treatment protocol. Also analyzed were subsequent tubal patency and fertility rates.

RESULTS

Salpingostomy was successful in 51 of 55 patients (92.7%), whereas intratubal MTX injection was successful in only 27 of 44 women (61.4%). Methotrexate injection particularly was unsuccessful if the initial hCG was > 2,000 mIU/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00) or the size of the tubal mass was > 2.0 cm as measured during laparoscopy. There was no difference in the subsequent tubal patency rates of fertility rates between women undergoing MTX injection or salpingostomy.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that salpingostomy is effective in the treatment of EP. Methotrexate injection failed in more patients despite preferential selection criteria, suggesting that its use should be limited to the subgroup of women with initial hCG < 2,000 mIU/mL and size at laparoscopy < 2.0 cm.