Kacso G, Terézhalmy G T
Department of Dentistry, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
Dent Clin North Am. 1994 Oct;38(4):633-44.
Aspirin is the most extensively prescribed analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent. It is effective against the mild-to-moderate pain of inflammation. The best single dose of aspirin is that which is adequate to relieve pain; the proper dosage interval is that which sustains relief without causing toxicity. It would be unfortunate to withhold aspirin from a patient who desperately requires the relief provided by this most useful analgesic because there have been some adverse effects when it is used improperly. Acetaminophen is a suitable substitute for aspirin for its analgesic or antipyretic uses in patients in whom aspirin is contraindicated (e.g., prepartum patients, children with febrile conditions, patients with asthma, peptic ulcer, gouty arthritis, hyperuricemia, hemophilia or other bleeding disorders, and those taking anticoagulants). However, the general substitution of acetaminophen for aspirin as an analgesic is not recommended.
阿司匹林是使用最广泛的镇痛、解热和抗炎药物。它对轻至中度炎症性疼痛有效。阿司匹林的最佳单次剂量是足以缓解疼痛的剂量；合适的给药间隔是能持续缓解疼痛而不引起毒性的间隔。如果因为阿司匹林使用不当会产生一些不良反应，就不给急需这种最有用镇痛药所带来缓解效果的患者使用阿司匹林，那将是不幸的。对阿司匹林禁忌的患者（如产前患者、发热儿童、哮喘患者、消化性溃疡患者、痛风性关节炎患者、高尿酸血症患者、血友病或其他出血性疾病患者以及正在服用抗凝剂的患者），对乙酰氨基酚在镇痛或解热用途上是阿司匹林的合适替代品。然而，不建议普遍用对乙酰氨基酚替代阿司匹林作为镇痛药。
